WASHINGTON, April 19, 2003
(CBS) The Bush Administration
is quietly reshaping environmental policy to expand logging and other development
by settling a series of lawsuits, many of them filed by industry groups.
As a result of settlements, the administration
has announced plans to remove wilderness protections from millions of acres
of land in Utah. It also agreed to review protections for endangered species
such as salmon and the northern spotted owl, reversed a Clinton-era ban on
snowmobiles in Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks and softened rules
on logging.
None of the decisions were subject to prior public comment or congressional
approval.
"I don't know if it's a policy, but it's definitely a pattern,"
said Kristen Boyles, a lawyer for the environmental group Earthjustice, who
has frequently battled the Bush administration in court.
"The industry sues and then the current administration does a poor job
of defending itself or comes to a sweetheart settlement," Boyles said.
Critics call it "sue and settle," leaving few fingerprints as officials
move to roll back environmental protections.
CBS News legal analyst Andrew Cohen points out that, "This collusion
claim is very hard to prove because it requires getting into the minds of
the lawyers and officials involved. But federal judges in particular absolutely
have to be more diligent about scrutinizing these settlements before accepting
them. Once they are accepted they are virtually impossible to get around.
"IF this is happening-- and right now that is a big if-- it's illegal
and unethical and you would think that both the legislative branch and the
judicial branch would want to do something to stop it. Congress could clarify
environmental laws and policies and judges could look much more closely about
whether these settlements are reasonable or motivated by political gain.
"It's difficult, it might even be impossible, to separate out the politics
involved in these lawsuits and settlements from the LAWS involved in them.
It would just about take a smoking-gun sort of memo from an Administration
official to a litigant to prove collusion and I cannot imagine that such a
memo exists," Cohen continues.
Last month, several environmental groups filed a federal lawsuit claiming
the administration and the timber industry have been holding secret talks
to undermine the Northwest Forest Plan. The suit seeks access to settlement
documents under the Freedom of Information Act.
Mark Rey, the Agriculture undersecretary who directs forest policy, denies
any attempt to orchestrate legal challenges.
"No litigation is friendly," he said.
But critics suggest the administration is using the lawsuit settlements as
an end-run around Congress, which has blocked some parts of the Bush agenda,
including efforts to open Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil
drilling and the Healthy Forests Initiative, which would increase logging
in national forests to reduce the risk of wildfires.
"In the guise of settling lawsuits, federal officials have retired to
the back room to work out deals that sacrifice our old-growth forests, salmon
and clean water for the sake of clearcutting our public lands," said
Patti Goldman of Earthjustice, one of the plaintiffs in the freedom of information
case.
In recent weeks, the administration has settled several industry challenges
to the Northwest Forest Plan, which governs logging and habitat protection
for salmon and other threatened species. Among other actions, the government
agreed to review Endangered Species Act protections for the northern spotted
owl and marbled murrelet, birds that are icons of the Northwest timber wars.
In a separate action, officials have proposed weakening some salmon protections
to boost logging.
The National Park Service also has allowed snowmobiles in Yellowstone and
Grand Teton national parks, and the Agriculture Department declined to defend
the "roadless" rule, a Clinton-era policy that blocks road-building
in remote forest areas.
Last week, the Interior Department announced that in response to a lawsuit
it intends to halt all reviews of its Western land holdings for new wilderness
protection and to withdraw that protected status from some 3 million acres
in Utah. That settlement was approved by a federal judge on Monday, three
days after it was filed.
Rey, a former timber industry lobbyist, said officials are doing nothing the
Clinton administration didn't do in the 1990s.
"I understand why they're unhappy," Rey said of critics, "but
their unhappiness needs to be measured in balance to the situation they enjoyed
when people who agreed with them more often than not were in this position."
Rey said the Clinton administration encouraged friendly suits from environmentalists
to block logging in Northwest forests, prevent road-building and stop development
on vast wilderness areas controlled by the Bureau of Land Management.
Environmentalists deny that claim.
"I do not know of any instance where the Clinton administration said,
'You sue us, and we'll settle and we'll stop a timber sale.' It hasn't happened
in this office," said Boyles of Earthjustice.
Each of the settlements the Bush administration agrees to is presented to
a judge and will be subject to public comment. Rey said they will be judged
on their merits.
"Nobody gets frozen out of our actions because the public ultimately
is going to get a chance to comment. If they are dissatisfied, they will get
their own opportunity to sue," Rey said.
But environmental groups call the comment period a formality, which rarely
produces any substantive change in the settlement.
Chris West of the American Forest Resource Council, a Portland, Ore.-based
timber group which has filed several of the lawsuits, denied any collusion
in the litigation.
He said Mr. Bush is "just trying to put some balance into how these forests
are managed," noting that logging in the Northwest has dropped in the
past decade to less than a third of the volume recommended by the Northwest
Forest Plan.